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A hydrothermal vent nicknamed a "black smoker", is a place where there is a crack in the earth's crust where lava can seep up into the ocean. A deep ocean vent is a place where water has seeped into fissures in the ocean floor, where it was super heated by magma, then rose back into the ocean because of its heat. While under the earth, it also undergoes a series of chemical reactions that remove the oxygen and mix it with metals and minerals like sulfur and zinc that make it uninhabitable by most forms of life. These vents are so deep that the temperatures are extreme. Despite these extreme conditions, there is actually a large and very diverse ecosystem built around these vents. Explore our site for more information.